2019 PHYSICS WAEC EXPO NOW OUT
*PHYSICS PRACTICALS PRECAUTIONS*✍🏾✍🏾✍🏾✍🏾✍🏾
*TAKE NOTE ALL PRECAUTIONS DROPPED*
Precautions (Electricity) N.B-Always past tense.
1. I ensured that electric terminals were tightly connected to avoid partial contact .
2. I ensured that the key was open when the readings were not taken in oder to avoid running down the cell or battery.
3. I avoided parallax error of the voltmeter when taking my reading.
4. I ensured that i avoided zero error of the voltmeter when taking my reading.
5. I ensured that i used short connecting wires to minimize the resistance of the lengthy wire and conserve the energy of the battery.
Ohms law ; V∞I I.e V=IR (T & OPA constant )
Low internal resistance offered by the cell is the reason e•m•f is always greater than P•d
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Advantages of connecting Lamps In parallel
1. The new across each lamp is the same .
2. Each lamp shines with the same brightness .
3. Each lamp can be turned on and off independently .
4. A family lamp does not cut off or break the supply of current to the other lamp .
E=Ivt
=I²Rt
=V²\R t
Conditions in which A piece of wire in A closed circuit may Not obey ohms Law
1. When the temperature of the wire is increased due to excessive heat.
2. When the wire is excessively bent in such a way that the molecular arrangement is distorted.
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Simple Pendulum Experiment
Precautions
1. I ensured that the Bob was displaced through a small angle of displacement in order to
i) To maintain a uniform oscillation over a period of time
ii) In order to avoid damping effect i.e the influence between/upon on oscillating system that has the effect of restricting, preventing or retrieving its oscillations.
2. I ensured that I avoided conical oscillation or conical motion.
3. I ensured that I avoided parallax error of the meter rule.
4. I ensured I avoided zero error of the stop clock.(in order to avoid systematic error).
5. I ensured i took repeated readings in the timing in order to avoid random error.
6. I ensured that the windows were shut and the fans were off in order to avoid external air interference.
Amplitude → The maximum displacement a body undergoing S•H•M makes from its mean position or rest.
Period → This is the time taken for a body undergoing S•H•M to make one complete oscillation or revolution or cycle.
Frequency → This is the number of cycles or revolution made by a body undergoing S•H•M in one second.
(Hertz) or (Per second).
S•H•M is a to and fro type of motion or a periodic type of motion in which the acceleration is directly towards the center or fixed point and proportional to the displacement from that point.
E.g i Motion of string in musical instruments e.g Guitar
ii The motion of pendulum of a clock
iii The motion of pistons in a gasoline engine.
iv The motion of loaded test tubes oscillating vertically in water.
v The motion of a body suspended from a spiral spring.
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Light and Optics
(Focal length=15cm)
Precautions
1. I avoided parallax error of meter rule when taking my readings
2. I ensured a co -linear arrangement of the objects, lens and screen or I ensured the optical components are aligned correctly.
3. I ensured that the lens was cleaned in order to obtain a clearer image.
4. I ensured that the lens was vertically placed in a lens holder.
5. I ensured that a sharp image was observed before taking my reading.
6. I ensured that the windows were closed using a curtain to obtain a sharp image and avoid external light interference.
Focal length of a lens is the distance between the optical center and the principal focus. It is 15cm if the focal length is 15cm.
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